AI stirrups appeared in Chaoyang, Liaoning Province in the middle of the 3rd century to the middle of the 4th century, all from Xianbei tombs.

Stirrup shank shorter than type I, for a short strip, its length and stirrup height ratio is less than or equal to one-third, the upper part of the handle has a rectangle across, the root of the stalk slightly narrower than the upper part. The pedal is slightly convex, and its width is basically the same or slightly wider than the thickness of the stirrup body.
AII stirrups are made of wood core, four bread copper pieces (usually gilt) or iron. AII stirrups began to be popular in the northeast of China in the 4th century, and were popular in the Korean Peninsula and Japan in the 5th to 6th century.


The earliest specimen of AIII-type stirrups was found in the painted coffin tomb of the Northern Wei Dynasty in Guyuan, Ningxia (Guyuan County Cultural Relics Workstation, 1984:), dated 484-486 (Sun Ji, 1996:122). But this kind of long straight handle metal stirrups in our popular time is not long, quickly replaced by new style stirrups; It was used in Korea and Japan until the 7th century.


AIV stirrups are made of metal, mostly of iron, and also of copper. The earliest AIV-style horse horizontal mark we can see is an iron stirrup unearthed from Li Xian's tomb in Guyuan, Ningxia, dated 569. AIV stirrups are widely distributed, almost throughout Eurasia.


AV stirrups are metal, generally made of bronze. The AV horse crossmarks are all richly decorated, using gilding, silver-wrapping or metallization techniques, and are extremely exquisite, among which there may be grades. The stirrups are rare in number, and only a few cases have been found in Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Russia's Minusinsk Basin.


AVII type: the stirrup is further shortened and the neck is degraded; The piercing becomes broad, and its position is very close to the stirrup ring: it is generally located immediately above the stirrup ring or between the stirrup shank and the stirrup ring. European Viking tombs (9th-11th century) appeared in a stirrup: long stirrup ring, stirrup ring for the upper end of the wide wear, and some wear with climbing. Viking stirrups are basically the same as AVI stirrups. AVII stirrups are widely distributed, almost all over Eurasia.

AVIII stirrups are a typical representative of metal stirrups in the 10th century, and later gradually became the mainstream of stirrups in Eurasia.